If you received a large refund after filing your 2017 income tax return, you probably are enjoying the influx of cash. But a large refund is not all positive. It also means you were essentially giving the government an interest-free loan.

That is why a large refund for the previous tax year would usually indicate that you should consider reducing the amounts you are having withheld (and/or what estimated tax payments you are making) for the current year. However, 2018 is a little different.

The Tax Cuts & Jobs Act (TCJA) & withholding

To reflect changes under the TCJA, such as the increase in the standard deduction, suspension of personal exemptions, and changes in tax rates and brackets, the IRS updated the withholding tables that indicate how much employers should hold back from their employees’ paychecks, generally reducing the amount withheld.

The new tables may provide the correct amount of tax withholding for individuals with simple tax situations, but they might cause other taxpayers to not have enough withheld to pay their ultimate tax liabilities under the TCJA. So, even if you received a large refund this year, you could end up owing a significant amount of tax when you file your 2018 return next year.

Perils of the new tables

The IRS itself cautions that people with more complex tax situations face the possibility of having their income taxes underwithheld. If, for example, you itemize deductions, have dependents age 17 or older, are in a two-income household, or have more than one job, you should review your tax situation and adjust your withholding if appropriate.

The IRS has updated its withholding calculator (available on their website) to assist taxpayers in reviewing their situations. The calculator reflects changes in available itemized deductions, the increased child tax credit, the new dependent credit, and repeal of dependent exemptions.

More considerations

Tax law changes are not the only reason to check your withholding. Additional reviews during the year are a good idea if:

• You get married or divorced
• You add or lose a dependent
• You purchase a home
• You start or lose a job
• Your investment income changes significantly

You can modify your withholding at any time during the year, or even multiple times within a year. To do so, you simply submit a new IRS Form W-4 (Form W-4) to your employer. Changes typically will go into effect several weeks after the new Form W-4 is submitted. (For estimated tax payments, you can make adjustments each time quarterly payments are due).

The TCJA & your tax situation

If you rely solely on the new withholding tables, you could run the risk of significantly underwithholding your federal income taxes. As a result, you might face an unexpectedly high tax bill when you file your 2018 tax return next year. Contact us for help determining whether you should adjust your withholding. We also can answer any questions you have about how the TCJA may affect your particular situation.